NON-DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES
Non-defining relative clauses give us extra information about a person or thing. They are more common in formal, written English.
* My friend Andrew is clearly defined. We don't need to know which Andrew is being discussed. The clause who is Scottish gives us extra information about him.
The clause who tell lies suggests that all politicians tell lies. It isn't necessary to identify only those that deceive - they all do!
We all know which plane Concorde is. The following clause simply tells us something extra.
NON-DEFINING RELATIVE PRONOUNS
1. Relative pronouns cannot be left out of Non-defining relative clauses:
2. Look at the possible pronouns. "Whom" is possible, but not as common:
INFINITIVE CLAUSES
In indirect speech, we can use an infinitive after certain question words and whether. This expresses ideas such as obligation and possibility.
QUESTION: Identify which clauses are: Defining relatives (D), Non-defining relatives (ND) and Infinitive clauses (IC):
1. My great aunt Freda, who I was telling you about her last night, is coming to lunch. ______
2. People who do exercises live longer. ______
3. Tell me how to get to the station. ______
4. She married a man who she met him on holiday in Turkey. _______